<p>The Church of Christ, later the Revere Masonic Temple, is a historic church building at 265 Beach Street in Revere, Massachusetts, United States. Now a three-story Shingle style structure, it encapsulates elements of a 1710 colonial meeting house, one of the oldest such structures to survive. The building was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1984. The building now houses professional offices.</p><br>
<h2>Description and history</h2><br>
<p>The former Church of Christ building is located east of downtown Revere, on a roughly triangular parcel of land bounded by Beach and Eustis Streets, and Cary Avenue. It is 3-1/2 stories in height, with two full stories below the gabled roof, and 1-1/2 within the roof gables. The gable ends overhang the sides, with curved shingled brackets for support. The central portion of the roof has been partially raised by long shed dormers. The main sections of the long sides have three round-arch windows on the third level, set above smaller sash windows on the second, with a less regular arrangement of doors and windows on the ground floor.</p><br>
<p>The building achieved its present appearance c. 1888, when it was enlarged and given its Stick and Shingle styling. Its significance lies in its origins, which are as a colonial meetinghouse erected in 1710, whose oaken timber frame, still part of this building, is one of the oldest such surviving structures. The meetinghouse, which measured 43 by 35, was a two story structure, to which a bell tower with steeple were added later in the 18th century. The spire was removed in 1823 and replaced with a domed cupola. In 1856 the building was rotate ninety degrees, and given Italianate styling. The 1888 alterations added the third floor and increased its size. It was purchased by a Masonic lodge society in 1919, at which time the tower was removed. It was in active use by Masonic organizations until 1982.</p><br>
<p>St. Lukes and St. Margarets Church is a former parish of the Episcopal Diocese of Massachusetts in the Allston neighborhood of Boston. It was closed in 2010.</p><br>
<h2>History</h2><br>
<p>The parish was the merger of two separate churches. St. Margarets (dedicated to Margaret of Antioch) was founded in 1862 in the nearby neighborhood of Brighton Center, which was then an independent town. The founders were associated with Church of the Advent in Boston, and St Margarets was similarly Anglo-catholic in practice and worship.</p><br>
<p>St. Lukes was founded in 1892, in Allston, which was then a rapidly growing white-collar neighborhood. It was the only parish in the diocese founded under Bishop Phillips Brooks, the famous preacher and author of O Little Town of Bethlehem. An initial church building was built in 1895, at the corner or Brighton Avenue and St. Lukes Road. A rectory next door was later added. A larger church building was built adjacent in 1915, and the old sanctuary was converted to a parish hall. St. Luke&#39;s was broadly low church in worship.</p><br>
<p>In the 1950s and 60s, as former members moved further out of Boston, attendance at both churches declined, and in 1967 the two parishes merged. They consolidated at the St. Lukes location, and the St. Margarets buildings were sold. The combined parish continued to struggle, but it enjoyed a resurgence of attendance and activity in the 1980s and 1990s, beginning under the rectorship of Mary Glasspool (who would later become the first open lesbian bishop in the Anglican Communion).</p><br>
<p>In the 2000s, though, membership again dwindled and the congregation was reduced from a full parish to a mission. In February 2010, the diocese announced that it was closing the mission, while retaining the property as a base for its "Micah Project", a residential internship program for young adults. The closing service was held on the feast of Pentecost, May 23, 2010. Among the celebrants were the last vicar and three former pastors, including Bishop Glasspool.</p><br>
<h2>Buildings</h2><br>
<p>The buildings, located at 5-7 St. Luke&#39;s Road, comprise a sanctuary, parish hall and rectory. The parish hall and rectory are in the half-timber, "Tudorbethan" style. The sanctuary is in the style of an English country church, but in brick. The original chapel, which later became the upper parish hall, and the rectory were designed in 1895 by Francis Allen; the larger sanctuary was designed in 1913 by Harry E. Davidson. The assemblage was added to the National Register of Historic Places in 1997.</p><br>
<p>The church contains many fine stain glass windows. A window depicting the Last Supper is done in an English glass style by the studio of George W. Spence of Boston, and is set in the chancel over the altar reredos. A series in the clerestory depicting the life of Christ was designed and begun by the Charles J. Connick studio of Boston, and later completed by the Whittemore studio. Two aisle series, also by the Connick studio and completed by Whittemore, depict the Apostles and Prophets. Particularly notable is a large window on the east wall by the Tiffany studio of New York; the window depicts St John on the island of Patmos and was the first stained glass window in the parish, originally set in the south wall of the original chapel, then surrounded with additional glass upon its placement in the new church, and restored in the 1990s.</p><br>
<p>Congregation Agudath Shalom, also known as Agudas Sholom the Walnut Street Synagogue or the Walnut Street Shul, is an active, historic Orthodox Jewish synagogue at 145 Walnut Street in Chelsea, Massachusetts.</p><br>
<h2>History</h2><br>
<p>The congregation was founded in 1887. The present building was erected in 1909, one year after the great fire that destroyed a third of the buildings in the city. The architect was Harry Dustin Joll. The congregation&#39;s previous building was destroyed in the great fire.The Burning of Chelsea by Walter Merriam Pratt</p><br>
<p>Published by Sampson publishing company, 1908, p. 46</p><br>
<p>It is the oldest surviving synagogue in Chelsea, a city that was one-third Jewish at the time the synagogue was built.Chelsea,</p><br>
<p>By Harriman Clarke, Arcadia Publishing, 2003, p. 87</p><br>
<p>The synagogue possesses a "remarkable" series of wall and ceiling frescoes painted by Jewish immigrant artists. The "magnificent" carved Torah Ark was created by a noted Boston-area cabinetmaker who specialized in synagogue furniture, San Katz, in the 1920s.</p><br>
<p>The synagogue was added to the National Register of Historic Places in 1993.</p><br>
<h2>2016</h2><br>
<p>In 2016, Congregation Agudath Shalom hired Rabbi Lila Kagedan as its full-time spiritual leader. Kagedan is the first graduate of Yeshivat Maharat to take the title of Rabbi for her work as a female Orthodox leader. She had previously worked and taught in the Boston area for over ten years. The Synagogue continues to operate as an Orthodox Shul.</p><br>
<p>The Rumney Marsh Burying Ground is a historic cemetery on Butler Street between Elm and Bixby Streets in Revere, Massachusetts. It was added to the National Register of Historic Places in 2004.</p><br>
<p>The land was originally owned by Samuel Cole. In 1654 William Hasey purchased it; his descendants sold it to Joshua Cheever, Esq. in 1740. Cheever and the town of Chelsea (of which Revere was still part) agreed on March 7, 1743 that the land would be a burying place and he deeded it to the town on December 8, 1751.</p><br>
<p>Prior to the establishment of this burying ground, people who lived in the area were buried in Bostons Copps Hill Burying Ground. After a smallpox epidemic swept the city in 1690, Boston officials ordered that its victims north of the Charles River be buried "on that side of the Water".</p><br>
<p>Since many of the burials were in the 18th century, the cemetery gives a good picture of funerary art during the colonial period. Many of the slate gravestones from that period show the skull and wings motif that was common in the period. Two gravestones have been specifically identified as the work of carver Joseph Lamson (1658-1722): that of Mary Cutler (died 1703), and that of John Winthrop&#39;s son Deane (died 1703/4).</p><br>
<p>People buried in the cemetery include:</p><br>
<p>Deane Winthrop, son of John Winthrop, governor of the Massachusetts Bay Colony. Deane Winthrop&#39;s House, also on the National Register, is nearby in Winthrop.</p><br>
<p>Phillips Payson, the fighting pastor, hero of the Battle of Lexington</p><br>
<p>Sixteen slaves</p><br>
<p>Veterans of the Colonial, Revolutionary, 1812, and Civil Wars.</p><br>
<p>Chelsea Garden Cemetery is a historic cemetery bounded by Shawmut Street, and Central and Chester Avenues in Chelsea, Massachusetts. The cemetery was established in 1841 to provide the city a burying ground in the then-fashionable rural cemetery style, and was the first cemetery within the city limits. It was added to the National Register of Historic Places in 2001.</p><br>
<h2>Description and history</h2><br>
<p>Chelsea Garden Cemetery is located south east of the citys Bellingham Square civic center, and consists of a rectangular parcel about 3.2 acre in size. It has a network of paths which wind over the undulating terrain, rising from a low point in the southeast. One of its focal points was originally a man-made pond, located at the lowest point in the cemetery; it was filled in late in the 19th century. Another is the Soldiers Circle at main entrance, where a number of the citys Civil War dead are buried. The cemetery is estimated to hold more than 1,600 burials; due to the transient nature of the Chelsea population over the period of the cemetery&#39;s existence, with little historical continuity, it has had a history neglect and vandalism. The fringes of the cemetery were also damaged by the 1908 fire that devastated the city, and destroyed some cemetery records.</p><br>
<p>Prior to construction of this cemetery, Chelseas dead were buried in a colonial-era cemetery in nearby Revere. With heightened awareness of sanitation and hygiene, local citizens formed a cemetery association in 1841 for a private, non-sectarian burial ground. The first burial took place on December 7, 1841, and was a reburial of a Chelsea man who died in 1832 and had been buried in Boston. The cemetery was the citys only burying ground until 1851 when Woodlawn Cemetery was founded on land that is now part of Everett. The cemetery originally had a wooden fence around part of its perimeter, and a wooden gatehouse; these were casualties of the 1908 fire.</p><br>
<p>The Ancient Burying Ground  is a historical cemetery at Phinneys Lane in Barnstable, Massachusetts. It is the oldest cemetery in the village of Centerville, and the only surviving civic element of its colonial origins. was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1987.</p><br>
<h2>Description and history</h2><br>
<p>Centervilles Ancient Burying Ground is located in the northern part of the village, on the northwest side of Phinneys Lane between Main Street and the Old Post Road. It is a roughly rectangular lot 0.75 acre in size. The street side is lined with a split-rail fence, while the northwest and southwest sides are fringed by trees, which separate the cemetery from surrounding residential development. A private drive extends along the northeast side, leading to a private residence set behind the cemetery. Gravestones are generally oriented facing toward the street. Older gravestones in the cemetery are slate with either skull or winged-angel motif, while later markers are of marble or granite. The oldest marked grave in the cemetery is that of Jonathan Hamblen in 1743.</p><br>
<p>The cemetery is the only surviving civic element of Centerville&#39;s early colonial history.</p><br>
<p>Plumbush is the former house and farm of Robert Parker Parrott</p><br>
<p>The house was built for Robert Parker Parrott by local architect George Edward Harney in 1865, when he had taken over as superintendent of the nearby West Point Foundry. The property is listed on the National Register of Historic Places since 1992, due to its association with Parrott and Harney&#39;s interpretation of patterns by Andrew Jackson Downing.</p><br>
<h2>Buildings</h2><br>
<p>The main Plumbush building is one of four located on a 9 acre parcel backed by Cold Spring Cemetery, the remnant of Parrott&#39;s original 65 acre (26 ha) farm, across Route 9D from the entrance to Fair Lawn, home of painter Thomas Prichard Rossiter. It was named Plumbush after another nearby farm by its original owner, Agnes Shewan (daughter of Scottish - American businessman James Shewan), later the Marquise Agnes Rizzo dei Ritii, in the early 19th century. One of the other buildings, a wood house, is also considered a contributing resource to the historic value of the property.</p><br>
<p>Harneys house consists of three rectangular sections, which remain largely intact today. The two-story 23 by 33-foot (7 by 10 m) main block is topped with a hipped roof shingled in patterned slate. A veranda with rounded corner is wrapped around the south and west sides. The other original sections are the 15-foot (5 m) square east wing and a one-story wing with gabled roof. Two other wings, added when the house was converted into a restaurant, are concealed from view and designed so as not to detract from the houses overall character.</p><br>
<p>Much of the original fenestration and ornamentation remains. Newer additions, such as a wrought-iron spiral staircase between the veranda and the second floor has, as with the additions, been designed to be sympathetic with what already exists.</p><br>
<h3>Outbuildings</h3><br>
<p>Three other buildings share Plumbush&#39;s lot. One, the former wood house, remains true enough to its original design to be considered a contributing resource. Its roof comes to a cupola that itself has a flat roof. The interior has been substantially renovated so that it serves as a residence.</p><br>
<p>The former carriage house, which now serves as a garage is probably original to the property but has undergone extensive renovation and no longer retains its original integrity. A larger house near the rear of the property was built in the mid-20th century.</p><br>
<h2>Aesthetic</h2><br>
<p>George Edward Harney built the house along Picturesque lines, suggested by patterns in books by the influential Andrew Jackson Downing, who had lived in Newburgh, just up the river, until his death in an 1852 steamboat explosion. Although only one building by Downing survives, his pattern books influenced many mid-19th century Gothic Revival and Carpenter Gothic cottages in the Hudson Valley and elsewhere.</p><br>
<p>Andrew Jackson Downing advocated rural cottages that were harmonious with the local natural environment, a "local fitness and an intimate relationship with the soil it stands upon" rather than challenging it as the blocky Federal and Greek Revival homes of the earlier century had. Harney carefully adapted the house to the site, in accordance with Downing&#39;s philosophies, putting the veranda next to a grove of trees and making sure the nearby Hudson River and the Hudson Highlands beyond could be seen from the upper windows.</p><br>
<p>The house itself shows Downings influence in the irregularity and asymmetry of its three main blocks. The varied rooflines, truncated and cross gables, large veranda and chimneys decorated with medieval crosses are also found in many of Downings patterns.</p><br>
<p>In 1870 George Edward Harney published a book of his own, Barns, Outbuildings and Fences, with the original plans and sketches for Plumbush. His designs show the clear influence of some of the patterns shown in Downing&#39;s The Architecture of Country Houses.</p><br>
<h2>History</h2><br>
<p>Robert Parker Parrott, was one of the earliest settlers of Cold Spring and a graduate of the nearby United States Military Academy at West Point, served as the foundry&#39;s inspector general for the Army during the Civil War. After it ended, foundry owner Gouverneur Kemble persuaded him to resign from the Army and take over as superintendent of the foundry.</p><br>
<p>In 1839 Parrott married Mary Kemble, niece of Gouverneur Kemble, founder of the ironworks, and moved into Plumbush. He died in 1877. In 1971 Plumbush was converted into a restaurant, and in 2014 the main Plumbush building and one of the outbuildings were extensively renovated and occupied by The Manitou School, a private elementary school.</p><br>
<p>The Wayne State University Buildings historic district consists of three buildings on 4735-4841 Cass Avenue in Midtown Detroit, Michigan: the Mackenzie House , Hilberry Theatre , and Old Main , all on the campus of Wayne State University. The buildings were designated a Michigan State Historic Site in 1957 and listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1978.</p><br>
<h2>Mackenzie House</h2><br>
<p>The Mackenzie House is a Queen Anne house, designed by Malcomson and Higginbotham and built in 1895. The original occupant was Detroit banker Frank Blackman. In 1906, David Mackenzie, principal of Central High School and founder of the College of the City of Detroit, moved into the house. Mackenzie lived in this house until his death. His widow, Esther continued living there until 1935. After Esther moved out, Wayne State University acquired the house, using it as the headquarters of the Women&#39;s Guild. It later provided office space for a number of other entities in the University.</p><br>
<p>In the mid-1970s, the Mackenzie House was slated for demolition, until a group of Wayne State students protested. Their successful effort created a new organization, Preservation Wayne. The building now serves as the offices of the organization, renamed Preservation Detroit.</p><br>
<p>The Mackenzie House is a -story red brick structure with a prominent round tower with a conical turret on one corner of the facade. A large wooden porch wraps around the opposing corner and shelters the front entrance. The building has a slate hipped roof with gables.</p><br>
<h2>Hilberry Theatre</h2><br>
<p>The Hilberry Theatre was designed by the architectural firm of Field, Hinchman and Smith (predecessor of Smith, Hinchman and Grylls) and built in 1916–17 as the First Church of Christ Scientist. The auditorium was designed to seat more than 1,500 congregants. The Christian Science congregation used the building until 1961, when they sold it to Wayne State University. WSU remodeled the interior to create a theatre to seat 532 people, serving as a repertory theater. The building was re-christened in honor of Clarence B. Hilberry, the fourth president of WSU, and reopened in January 1964. The University continues to use the building to house its repertory theatre.</p><br>
<p>The Hilberry Theatre is a large rectangular two-story Neo-Classical building measuring 125 feet by 150 feet. The front facade is of a Roman temple design with six fluted Ionic columns flanked by two half columns supporting an entablature. Behind the columns are seven recessed bays with alternating doors and windows on the first floor and windows above on the second. The two floors are separated by a belt course. The side facade facing Cass is of a similar form as the front facade.</p><br>
<h2>Old Main</h2><br>
<p>Old Main was designed by Malcomson and Higginbotham and built between 1895 and 1896. Its original use was to house Detroit&#39;s Central High School. The original building plan had 103 rooms arranged in a "T" shape, with an auditorium which seated over 2,000 people. In 1908, a wing was added housing gymnasiums, laboratories, and shops.</p><br>
<p>The function of the building began to change in 1917, when Detroit Junior College opened its doors in a part of the building. The enrollment in the college grew, crowding the building and the high school still housed there. In 1923, the College of the City of Detroit (CCD) replaced the Detroit Junior College, crowding the building even more. Finally, in 1926, Central High School moved out of the building, leaving CCD as the primary occupant, along with a smaller College High School. In 1928, the latter closed, leaving CCD as the sole tenant. Five years later, Wayne State University was formed, uniting CCD with a College of Pharmacy, the Detroit Medical College, the Detroit Teachers&#39; College, a law school, and a graduate school. A large wing on Warren Avenue was added in 1937. The building continued to serve Wayne State, and in 1994 received major renovations and a new addition.</p><br>
<p>Old Main was originally a T-shaped structure, but subsequent additions have enlarged the floor plan. The original building has a blue Bedford limestone base with Berea sandstone on the first floor. The upper three and one half stories are made of buff pressed brick. The main facade has a protruding square tower. The main entrance, located at the base of the tower, is through an elaorately carved Romanesque arch. The top of the tower includes a clock on each face.</p><br>
<p>The Berger Factory is a historic factory building at 37 Williams Street in Boston, Massachusetts. Built in 1902, it was home to one of the nations first manufacturers of precision engineering and surveying instruments, and a surviving example of Roxburys late 19th-century industrial development. It was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1980, and now houses residences.</p><br>
<h2>Description</h2><br>
<p>The former Berger Factory is located just north of Roxbury&#39;s central Dudley Square, on the north side of Williams Street between Shawmut Avenue and Washington Street. It is a relatively architecturally undistinguished brick industrial building, three stories in height, and covered by a flat roof. A single-story ell, also with a flat roof gives the building an L shape. The street facing facade is basically ten bays wide, with windows on the first two floors topped by brick segmental arches, and those on the third with stone lintels. Left of the window bays is an eleventh bay, with a bricked-over smaller window on the ground floor, and decorative brickwork on the levels above, capped by a round-arch projection with a round window. The interior of the building has been converted into residential use.</p><br>
<p>The Berger Company was founded in 1871 by Christian Berger, a German immigrant who had learned the manufacture of precision surveying instruments in England. At first known as Buff and Berger, it was originally located in downtown Boston, moving to this newly constructed facility in 1902. The main block was designed by Boston architect George Moffette, and the ell, added in 1907, was the work of Henry J. Preston. The company occupied these premises until 1976, when it moved to a new facility in Mattapan. After being vacant for some years, it was converted into residences.</p><br>
<p>The Berger Company was the first American manufacturer of precision engineering equipment. Its gear was used in surveys for the Panama Canal, in the construction of New York City skyscrapers, and in American polar expeditions of Admiral Richard E. Byrd and Robert Peary.</p><br>
<p>The Blackstone Block Historic District encompasses what was once a waterfront business area in Boston, Massachusetts. Due to the infill of land it is now slightly inland from the waterfront. The district is bounded by Union, Hanover, Blackstone, and North Streets, not far from Quincy Market and Faneuil Hall. It includes the Union Oyster House, a National Historic Landmark building erected in the 1710s, and a collection of commercial buildings dating from the late 18th and 19th centuries. It also includes the c. 1770s Ebenezer Hancock House , a Federal-style wood-frame house that is the only building left in the city which was known to be owned by John Hancock. The building was declared a Boston Landmark by the Boston Landmarks Commission in 1977 for its notable exterior and interiors.</p><br>
<p>The district was added to the National Register of Historic Places in 1973.</p><br>
<p>The Sarah J. Baker School is an historic school building in Boston, Massachusetts. Built in 1905 by a prominent local architect, it is a well-preserved example of early 20th-century Romanesque Revival school architecture. The building was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1983, It has been converted to elderly housing.</p><br>
<h2>Description and history</h2><br>
<p>The former Sarah J. Baker School building is located in a residential area of eastern Roxbury, on the west side of Perrin Street between Waverly and Moreland Streets. It is a 3-1/2 story masonry structure, built with load-bearing brick walls trimmed in limestone, and set on a tall basement. It has an H-shaped layout, with a substantial center flanked by projecting wings. There are no windows on the front-facing ends of the wings outside the basement level, which is separated from the other floors by a stone water table. Building corners feature brickwork that is quoin-like in appearance. Windows on the central section are set in rectangular openings on the first two floors, and round-arch openings on the third; the first-floor windows are topped by stone keystones. Building entrances are set at the ends of the central section.</p><br>
<p>The building was designed by architect Julius Schweinfurth and was built in 1905. It was named for the first female school principal in the Boston Public Schools, and was one of five schools designed for the city by Schweinfurth, who had previously worked as a draftsman at Peabody and Stearns.</p><br>
<p>The Beach-Knapp District encompasses a collection of six 19th-century buildings in the Chinatown neighborhood of Boston, Massachusetts. It is centered at the corner of Beach and Knapp Streets, and includes three buildings on the south side of Beach Street, and three on the east side of Knapp. The buildings encapsulate the transition of the area from a predominantly residential area to a mixed residential-light industrial area in the 19th century. At 5 and 7 Knapp Street stand two Greek Revival residential structures, both built in the 1830s. The four story Renaissaince Revival building at 7-15 Beach Street was built c. 1885, and was historically used as a hotel. The other three buildings, 17-23 Beach, 25-29 Beach, and 9-23 Knapp, are all commercial buildings dating between 1885 and 1906; two of them were designed by Shepley, Rutan and Coolidge.</p><br>
<p>The district was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1980.</p><br>
<p>The Bedford Block is an historic commercial building at 99 Bedford Street Boston, Massachusetts in an area called Church Green. Built in 1875 in a style promoted by John Ruskin called Venetian Gothic. The style may also be referred to as Ruskinian Gothic.</p><br>
<p>It was designed by Charles Amos Cummings and Willard T. Sears for Henry and Francis Lee as a retail shoe center in an area that had been destroyed by the Great Boston Fire of 1872. The building was added to the National Historic Register in 1979. Building was renovated in 1983 in conjunction with the Bay-Bedford Company.</p><br>
<p>The Bedford Block&#39;s exterior is constructed of polychromatic bands of New Brunswick red granite, Tuckahoen marble, and pressed terra-cotta panels manufactured in Philadelphia, Pennsylvania. It was the first building after the Great Fire to use New Brunswick red granite as a material.</p><br>
<p>The first floor features rough rustic blocks. Upper floor details include arched bay windows, Viollet-le-Duc inspired iron balconets and flat column pilasters. Each roof gable is topped with a finial crown. There is a glazed tile clock is located in a 5-story tower at the corner of Bedford and Summer streets.</p><br>
<p>The Boston Consumptives Hospital  is a historic tuberculosis hospital at 249 River Street in the Mattapan neighborhood of Boston, Massachusetts. It consists of a complex of eighteen historic buildings on 52 acre of land. Most of these buildings were built between 1908 and 1932, although the Superintendents House predates the hospitals construction; it is an Italianate house built c. 1856. They are predominantly brick buildings that are Colonial Revival in character, although the 1929 main administration building has a variety of different revival elements. Several of the buildings on the campus—The Administrative or Foley Building; The Doctor&#39;s Residences, Dormitories and Wards; and The Power House—were designed by the renowned architectural firm Maginnis and Walsh. The complex was the largest tuberculosis hospital in the state, built in response to reports that the disease was responsible for more deaths than any other in the city. The facility was used for the treatment of tuberculosis through the middle of the 20th century, and then stood largely vacant until 2002, when plans were laid to rehabilitate the property for other uses.</p><br>
<p>The hospital site was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 2002.</p><br>
<p>Lake Butrint  is a salt lagoon south of Saranda, Albania, located in direct proximity of the Ionian Sea. It is surrounded by dense forested hills, rocky coast and complimented by saltwater and freshwater marshlands. The lake has a length of 7.1 km and a width of 3.3 km, with a surface area of 16 km². The maximum depth of the lake is 24.4 m. At the south, the Vivari Channel connects the lagoon to the sea.</p><br>
<p>Butrint is particularly known for the diversity of flora and fauna. The southern portion of the lake is situated within the boundaries of Butrint National Park and has been recognised as a wetland of international importance by designation under the Ramsar Convention. The lake has been as well identified as an Important Bird and Plant Area, because it supports significant numbers of bird and plant species.</p><br>
<p>The Boston Young Men&#39;s Christian Association  was founded in 1851 in Boston, Massachusetts, as the first American chapter of the YMCA.</p><br>
<h2>History</h2><br>
<p>The Young Men’s Christian Association (YMCA) of Greater Boston, founded in 1851, was the first YMCA in the United States. The organization began as a modest Evangelical association and, by the late nineteenth century, had become a major social service organization dedicated to improving the lives of young men. With that aim in mind the YMCA held athletic and educational facilities, provided employment services, offered accommodation for young unmarried men, organized summer camps for boys, and served as a place for young men to socialize. In 1911 construction began on a new complex of buildings for the YMCA designed by prominent Boston architectural firm Shepley, Rutan, and Coolidge (President William Howard Taft participated in the ground breaking ceremony). To meet the diverse needs of the organization, the firm broke the complex into three distinct but interconnected buildings: a seven story administration building, which served as the heart of the complex and faced Huntington Avenue, and the smaller gymnasium and educational buildings, both of which were located to the rear of the complex. This complex is now known as the Huntington Avenue YMCA.</p><br>
<h2>Huntington Avenue YMCA</h2><br>
<h3>History</h3><br>
<p>The YMCA on Huntington Avenue is built on a peninsula once known as Gravelly Point and is adjacent to the land reclaimed by the filling in of Back Bay in the early twentieth century. This public works project helped shape the urban context and site for the Huntington YMCA. By the time the YMCA was constructed, the Gravelly Point area had been transformed into a vital urban area.</p><br>
<p>As part of the larger movement of institutions out of central Boston following the filling in of Back Bay and as a consequence of a series of fires that altered land use and building patterns in downtown Boston as in other parts of the country, many businesses and organizations moved farther away from downtown, farther down Huntington Avenue. Some of these included the Museum of Fine Arts, New England Conservatory, and the Opera House, all located within the same street block as the site for the new YMCA. These institutions were especially important to the association because they were, like the YMCA, dedicated to the moral and cultural improvement of Boston residents. To reinforce associations with these buildings, the YMCA takes its decorative cues from the neoclassical and renaissance character of adjacent buildings.</p><br>
<h3>Administration Building</h3><br>
<p>The Administration Building faces Huntington Avenue and is faced with grey brick. It is the most distinctive element of the complex.</p><br>
<p>The ground floor of this building originally held a sumptuous lobby, clad with lavish wood paneling and terrazzo marble floors. The lobby opened into a double height, sky-lit main reception hall, likewise decorated in an elegant fashion. The use of expensive materials in the lobby and reception hall affirmed the status of the YMCA as a well-funded organization and reinforced its intention to cultivate ‘good taste’ among its members. Around the reception hall stood a billiards room, game room, social rooms, and a spa; amenities intended to lure young men away from bars and saloons. A secondary entrance on Huntington Avenue led to Bates Hall, a large auditorium.</p><br>
<p>The YMCA used the floors above for classrooms and offices and a well-appointed library. An original blueprint conserved in the Northeastern University Archives shows that select classrooms were designated as Bible Study Rooms, evidence of the institution’s continued adherence to its founding ideas.</p><br>
<p>The uppermost floors held dormitory rooms for young men. Communal toilets, showers, and bathtubs were located on each of these floors. A corner suite on the sixth floor held a nurse’s station and “sick room.” In combination with the amenities offered on the lower levels, the administration hall functions much like modern day college resident halls.</p><br>
<h3>Education building</h3><br>
<p>The building’s original plans indicate that it was a simple rectangle in shape and was composed of six floors including the basement. While the basement was devoted almost purely to mechanical services and offices, the ground floor included study, reading and clubrooms, a pool and game rooms, as well as offices and an entrance lobby. The second floor held classrooms for the study of languages, history, science, and grammar. On the third floor were law, commerce, accountancy, bookkeeping, mathematics, and art. The fourth floor consisted of larger recitation, drawing, and lecture rooms as well as various science laboratories. Finally, the top fifth floor held small boys’ dormitories. Each floor featured a central long hallway surrounded on all sides by classrooms and labs, offices, or larger gathering spaces.</p><br>
<p>The YMCA offered both classes and boarding at prices that were significantly lower than those of nearby the academic institutions and was open in the evening, so that young men who worked during the day could access their services. The organization’s many popular lectures and classes were in such demand that they were incorporated into what was then known then as Northeastern College, a degree granting institution. Soon thereafter, the YMCA purchased adjacent land on Huntington and founded Northeastern University. It was not until about the mid-twentieth century that through a change of bylaws, the University established itself as a separate institution from the YMCA.</p><br>
<h3>Gymnasium</h3><br>
<p>In the early 1880s, gymnasiums developed into a key element of the YMCA’s character-building programs. Under the direction of Director Walter C. Douglas, the Boston YMCA adopted the Fourfold Plan. The plan, developed by the New York City YMCA, combined evangelism with athletics and encouraged attention to all four aspects of a young man’s life: spiritual, intellectual, physical and social. At the same time, the Boston YMCA also redefined its qualifications for membership. For the first time, all men of Boston, evangelical Christian and non-Christian alike, were able to join the YMCA. The YMCA’s membership, not surprisingly, grew considerably.</p><br>
<p>The inclusion of a modern gymnasium (the Boston organization’s first dedicated gymnasium) and swimming pool reflected the Y’s enhanced commitment to physical fitness. The basement of the building held fencing, wrestling and boxing courts, along with two double-height handball courts and a six-lane bowling alley. The first floor offered access to gallery seating for viewing matches within in the handball courts, as well as an exercise room with wood floors and a large, sky lit swimming pool with a slide and spring board. A marble paneled massage room also offered amenities such as table massages, steam baths, electric baths, needle showers and dressing rooms. The second floor had a gallery with seating above the pool, as well as three gymnasiums, one large room flanked by two smaller gymnasiums, were located along the east wall with separations between them. A running track mezzanine ran above them on the perimeter. One could use the spiral stairs located in the corners of the gymnasiums to ascend the mezzanine level.</p><br>
<p>Locker rooms were an essential feature of the gymnasium building. The Huntington YMCA had 3 distinct locker rooms within its facilities. The basement held a large boy’s locker room with lockers for storing athletic clothing and an adjacent large shower room. On the first floor there were two locker rooms. The businessmen’s locker room was the smaller of the two, with individual marble shower stalls, marble walls, granolithic floors and oak benches with white iron bases. The locker room led to the business men’s club room. The men’s club locker room also occupied the first floor. It was split into a large and a small locker room with a group shower lined in terra cotta and marble. The men’s club locker room also offered amenities such as individual shower stalls, fan rooms and steam baths. It too had the marble walls, granolithic floors and oak benches with white iron bases. The separation of spaces, specifically within the 3 distinct locker rooms, correlated to the YMCA’s policy regarding segregation and distinction by class, race and gender.</p><br>
<h3>Recent developments</h3><br>
<p>The building is a distinctive feature of the Boston landscape, especially its tapestry brick façade on Huntington Avenue crowned with a large incandescent bulb block letter sign, the only one of its kind left in New England. In 1998, the building was added to the National Register of Historic Places.</p><br>
<p>In 2012 the YMCA sold its gym building and Hastings wing to the Phoenix Property Co. for $21.5 million. The real estate company is in the process of building a 17-story dormitory that will be leased to Northeastern University behind Administration Building.</p><br>
<p>Starting in 2012, the YMCA invested $40 million, including a $1 million gift from Liberty Mutual Insurance, into its retained space to create a modern community center that is welcoming and accessible to all. The new Y offers over 10,000 square feet of strengthen and cardio space, an expanded pool, locker rooms for men, women, families and children, a dedicated teen center, classrooms for after school and adult education, gym, sport courts and multi-purpose studios. The new lobby embraces the history of the Y and the historic building while providing modern amenities.</p><br>
<p>However, the changes to the historical YMCA complex, such as the demolition of the pool to make way for the residential facility, have been met with stiff opposition from the community. Close to 1,000 members of the YMCA signed a petition to prevent the Phoenix Property Co. and Northeastern from constructing the new dormitory. An organization named “Save the Boston Y” has formed to fight the project. Calvin Arey, a leader of the opposition states that Northeastern and Phoenix property Co. are “destroying a property that’s on the National Register of Historic Places” and that “this was never intended to be an area for 17 story towers.” Regardless, the new dormitory was constructed and construction finished in 2015.</p><br>
<p>The Boston Transit Commission Building is an historic office building at 15 Beacon Street in Boston, Massachusetts. It served as the headquarters of the Boston Transit Commission, the nations first public transportation agency, which was responsible for the initial creation of Bostons subway system . The ten-story Classical Revival building was designed by William Gibbons Preston and built in 1903–04. The commission occupied the building until it went out of existence in 1916. The city took the property in 1920 by eminent domain, and used it to house the Boston School Committee. The city sold the building in 1998, and it is now home to XV Beacon, a luxury hotel.</p><br>
<p>The building was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 2007.</p><br>
<p>The Brandegee Estate is an historic estate at 280 Newton Street in Brookline and Boston, Massachusetts. Developed at the turn of the 20th century, it is one of the largest essentially intact estate properties in either community. It was developed by Mary  Sprague, a direct descendant of Joseph Weld, one of Bostons first settlers, and is noted for its large Renaissance Revival mansion , and landscaping by Charles A. Platt. The estate was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1985. Its name derives from Mary Spragues second husband, Edward Brandegee.</p><br>
<h2>Description and history</h2><br>
<p>The Brandegee Estate is located astride the town line between Brookline and the Jamaica Plain neighborhood of Boston, and consists of a long strip of land whose western end is on Newton Street in Brookline, and whose eastern end is on Allandale Street in Boston. Separating most of the estate from Allandale Street to the south is Allandale Farm, the last working farm in Boston. The developed features are the main house and formal garden, near the center of the estate, and a cluster of service buildings at the eastern end, where the stables and estate office are located. The stables were until recently used by the City of Boston for its mounted police force.</p><br>
<p>The property was owned for many years by the Faulkner family, and was known as Faulkner Farm. It was acquired by William Fletcher Weld II, cousin to Mary Spratt Sprague. In 1890 Sprague had built a 2-1/2 story wood frame summer house. In 1897 she retained Little, Brown & Moore to oversee a major expansion of the house, transforming it into a brick Renaissance Revival mansion. The house is surrounded by a formal garden designed by Charles A. Platt, many of whose elements still survive despite adaptive reuse of the property.</p><br>
<p>The 3-1/2 story mansion built in 1897, enclosing an 1890 house that had been built on the site by Mary Pratt Sprague (later Mrs. Edward Brandegee). The mansion has elaborate interior decorations, including a dining room paneled in mahogany, a second dining room in oak, and a ballroom with elaborate candelabras and chandeliers, with tapestries by Gobelins. The house stands on a slight rise, looking over a landscaped formal garden, which included a pool and an open summer house.</p><br>
<p>The Brighton Center Historic District encompasses the civic center of the Brighton neighborhood of Boston, Massachusetts.</p><br>
<p>The district is centered at the junction of Washington Street with Market Street and Chestnut Avenue, radiating along those roads and including a number of immediately adjacent properties on adjacent streets. The oldest resource in the district is the Market Street Burial Ground, which was established in 1764. Originally part of Watertown and Cambridge in colonial times, Brighton was incorporated as a separate town in 1807 and annexed to Boston in 1874. The center area became a focus of the regional cattle business during the 19th century, but little of that time has survived, with only a small handful of buildings pre-dating 1875. The local cattle yards were removed in 1881, and the center developed as a place to provide community services, resulting in a series of commercial buildings on Washington Street and a collection of municipal and civic structures along Market Street and Chestnut Avenue.</p><br>
<p>The district was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 2001.</p><br>
<p>The Bulfinch Triangle Historic District is a historic district roughly bounded by Canal, Market, Merrimac, and Causeway Streets in the West End of Boston, Massachusetts. It is part of the Bulfinch Triangle neighborhood, which is bounded by North Washington, Market, Merrimac, and Causeway Streets. The district was laid out on a filled-in cove by Charles Bulfinch, and is now populated by well-preserved commercial buildings from the 1870s through early 1900s. It was added to the National Register of Historic Places in 1986.</p><br>
<h2>Description and history</h2><br>
<p>The Bulfinch Triangle area is located north of Bostons Government Center area, with the TD Garden to the north, the North End to the east, and the West End to the west. The historic district is bounded on the north by Causeway Street, the east by Canal Street, and the southwest by Merrimac Street. This area was in colonial times under water, in a part of the Charles River known as North Cove which separated the North and West Ends. It was a tidal flat that was filled in beginning in 1807, with its northern edge forming Causeway Street. Architect Charles Bulfinch designed the street layout for the landowners, and the area was filled with material taken by lowering Beacon Hill and Copps Hill. The area became a nexus for a number of early railroads, serving points north and west of the city, which prompted its further development as a manufacturing area. The rail stations were eventually consolidated into North Station. By the late 19th century it was a center of Boston&#39;s furniture trade, with manufacturing and sales showrooms in integrated buildings.</p><br>
<p>The 59 buildings in the district are mostly five or six stories in height, and are built of brick and stone. Stylistically, many of them show elements of the Renaissance Revival, which was particularly popular in the last quarter of the 19th century. There is a particularly fine example of Second Empire architecture at 48–72 Canal Street, designed by Gridley J. F. Bryant and completed in 1971 for the Paine Furniture Company. There are a number of good examples of the Beaux Arts style, including two on Portland Street designed by Stephen Codman. A number of older buildings (dating to the mid-19th century) line part of Causeway Street, but have been compromised by removal of their upper floors and modernization of their facades.</p><br>
<p>138–142 Portland Street is a historic commercial building located at the address of the same name in Boston, Massachusetts.</p><br>
<h2>Description and history</h2><br>
<p>The five-story, Beaux Arts style building was designed by Stephen Codman and built in 1896. The first floor has modern storefronts; the next three levels have brick pilasters separating the window bays with cast stone architraves. A cornice line separates the fifth level from the lower ones, and has oxeye windows at the building&#39;s rounded corners, and a dentillated cornice. It has also been classified as a Classical Revival building.</p><br>
<p>The building was listed on the National Register of Historic Places on September 5, 1985, and included in the Bulfinch Triangle Historic District on February 27, 1986.</p><br>
<p>Charlestown Heights, also known as the Doherty Playground or Doherty Park, is an urban park in Charlestown, a neighborhood of Boston, Massachusetts. It is one of five small urban parks designed by Frederick Law Olmsted for the city. These small parks were designed to provide small greenspaces in densely populated neighborhoods. The Doherty Playground was laid out on the north side of Bunker Hill, sloping down the hill from Bunker Hill Avenue to Medford Street, between St. Martin Street and North Mead Street.</p><br>
<p>The park was laid out in the early 1890s and opened in 1895. It is divided into three sections. The uppermost section, abutting Bunker Hill Avenue, is essentially a flat promenade, a grassy area dotted with trees, with paths and benches, as well as a monument commemorating the 1775 Battle of Bunker Hill. An allée of trees line runs parallel to the street.</p><br>
<p>A large central area of the park contains active recreation facilities, and is the portion of the park which has been most altered from the original Olmsted design. It includes the Clougherty Pool complex, including a swimming pool and Moderne-style bathhouse designed by John M. Gray. This level also includes basketball courts, a playground, and a wading pool. The lowest level of the park, abutting Medford Street, is a sloping meadow with naturalistic pathways meandering through it. Stairs in this section have granite rises, with cheeks of puddingstone.</p><br>
<p>The park was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1998.</p><br>
<p>The Bunker Hill School is a historic school at 68 Baldwin Street in the Charlestown neighborhood of Boston, Massachusetts. Built in 1866, it is a prominent local example of Second Empire architecture, and a surviving example of the city&#39;s school planning in the post-Civil War period. Now housing residential condominiums, it was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1987.</p><br>
<h2>Description and history</h2><br>
<p>The former Bunker Hill School is located in the densely built Charlestown neighborhood of Boston, on the west side of Baldwin Street at its junction with Bunker Hill Street. It is a 3-1/2 story brick building, with a mansard roof providing space for a full fourth story. Its main facade is seven bays wide, with the center three projecting slightly. Windows are set in segmented arch openings with headers of brick with stone keystones, and there are stone stringcourses between the floors. The main entrance is recessed in the center bay, in a segmented-arch opening framed by shouldered stone surround with keystone. The interior, now converted into residences, historically was divided into four spaces on each floor, organized around a central stair. On the lower three floors, three of these spaces were occupied by classrooms, while the fourth house administrative and other non-classroom spaces. There were two classrooms on the top floor, with the other half taken up by an auditorium space.</p><br>
<p>The school was built in 1866, when the city of Charlestown (then separate from Boston) was growing, and there was more widespread interest in quality education. Designed by James Rand, a local architect, it exemplified new thinking about school facilities, including improved lighting and ventilation for classrooms, and the use of fireproof materials in its construction. The school served Charlestown (and Boston after it was annexed to that city) until 1981, when it was closed due to declining enrollment. It was sold to a private developer in 1984 and converted into residential condominiums.</p><br>
<p>The Calf Pasture Pumping Station Complex is an historic sewage treatment facility at 435 Mount Vernon Street on Columbia Point in the Dorchester section of Boston, Massachusetts which was built in the 1880s.</p><br>
<p>The surrounding community was, in the 17th and 18th centuries, and through to the mid-19th century, a calf pasture: a place where nearby Dorchester residents took their calves for grazing. It was largely an uninhabited marshland on the Dorchester peninsula. Its size was originally 14 acre. Many landfills, subsequent to that time, have enlarged the land size to 350 acre in the 20th century.</p><br>
<p>In the 1880s, the calf pasture was used as a Boston sewer line and pumping station, known as the Calf Pasture Pumping Station Complex. This large granite structure, the first sewage treatment station built in the city, was built in 1883. It still stands and in its time was a model for treating sewage and helping to promote cleaner and healthier urban living conditions. It pumped waste to a remote treatment facility on Moon Island in Boston Harbor, and served as a model for other systems worldwide. This system remained in active use and was the Boston Sewer systems headworks, handling all of the citys sewage, until 1968 when a new treatment facility was built on Deer Island. The pumping station is also architecturally significant as a Richardsonian Romanesque designed by the then Boston city architect, George Clough. It is also the only remaining 19th century building on Columbia Point.</p><br>
<p>The facility was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1990.</p><br>
<p>The Clapp Houses are historic houses at 199 and 195 Boston Street in Boston, Massachusetts. They currently house the Dorchester Historic Society, and are open to the public as house museums.</p><br>
<p>Portions of the Captain Lemuel Clap House may have been built as early as 1633; it is known to that a house was on the site in that year. The house went through extensive changes in 1767, when it was expanded and renovated by Lemuel Clap. The William Clapp House was built in 1806 by Lemuel Clap&#39;s son William. The family operated a large Dorchester tannery.</p><br>
<p>The property containing both houses was purchased by Dorchester Historical Society in 1945, and they were moved several hundred yards from Willow Court to their present locations in 1957. The houses were listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1974.</p><br>
<p>The Codman Square District is a historic district in the Dorchester neighborhood of Boston, Massachusetts. It consists of four of the most prominent properties facing the main Codman Square intersection, where Talbot Avenue and Washington Street cross. The area has a long history as a major civic center in Dorchester, and is now one of the large neighborhoods major commercial hubs. The properties in the district include the 1806 Congregational Church , the 1904 Codman Square branch of the Boston Public Library, the former Girls Latin Academy building , and the Lithgow Building, a commercial brick structure at the southeast corner of the junction that was built in 1899.</p><br>
<p>The district was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1983.</p><br>
<p>The Crowninshield House is an historic house at 164 Marlborough Street in the Back Bay neighborhood of Boston, Massachusetts. Built in 1870, it is the first residential design of the renowned architect Henry Hobson Richardson. It was added to the National Register of Historic Places in 1972.</p><br>
<h2>Architecture and history</h2><br>
<p>The Crowninshield House stands at the southwest corner of Marlborough and Dartmouth Street. It is a four-story brick building, featuring a variety of trim in black brick, brownstone, and decorative green and blue tiles. It has a mansard roof, and a projecting two-story entrance section at the center of the main facade. The entry is flanked by sidelight windows and sheltered by a semicircular wrought iron hood.</p><br>
<p>Commissioned by Benjamin W. Crowninshield, the house was designed in 1868 and built in 1870 by H.H. Richardson. It is the earliest surviving example of Richardson&#39;s private residence work. Unlike many of his later works in the signature Romanesque style that he would develop, this house owes more to the Second Empire style. The house is, along with the former Trinity Rectory, one of two surviving Richardson houses in Boston.</p><br>
<h2>Benjamin Crowninshield</h2><br>
<p>Benjamin William Crowninshield (1837–1892) was a member of the Boston Brahmin Crowninshield family. He attended Harvard College, graduating in 1858, along with classmates H.H. Richardson and Henry Adams. Adams&#39; Education of Henry Adams (1918) includes descriptions of his friendship with Crowninshield.</p><br>
<p>Crowninshield studied history, publishing and speaking on various topics, such as yachting and military history. Published works include A History of the First Regiment of Massachusetts Cavalry Volunteers (Boston: Houghton, Mifflin and Co., 1891).</p><br>
<p>In 1868, Crowninshield commissioned his friend Richardson to design and build the house on Marlborough Street in the newly land-filled Back Bay area of Boston.</p><br>
<p>Custom House District is a historic district in Boston, Massachusetts located between the Fitzgerald Expressway  and Kilby Street and South Market and High and Batterymarch Streets. Named after the 1849 Boston Custom House located on State Street, the historic district contains about seventy buildings on nearly sixteen acres in Downtown Boston, consisting of 19th century mercantile buildings along with many early 20th century skyscrapers, including the 1915 Custom House Tower.</p><br>
<p>The area is an early example of urban planning, in which the Broad Street Associates hired architect Charles Bulfinch in 1805 to plan the commercial development of the area south of Long Wharf and State Street, which connected the wharf to the city center. The district includes a few Federal period buildings that were built to the standards specified by Bulfinch, but is architecturally diverse, reflecting more than century of economic development. Visually prominent 19th-century buildings include a collection of warehouses built out granite, which marked a departure from the more usual brick construction of the period. The State Street Block, built 1858 to a design by Gridley James Fox Bryant, is another example.</p><br>
<p>The district was added to the National Register of Historic Places in 1973. When first listed, its historically significant buildings were limited to those of the 19th century. An amendment to the listing in 1996 extended the period of significance to 1928, changing a number of architecturally significant early skyscrapers from non-contributing to contributing properties.</p><br>
<h2>Contributing properties (partial listing)</h2><br>
<p>Appleton Building (1900), 4 Liberty Square</p><br>
<p>Batterymarch Building (1928), 54-68 Batterymarch Street; designated a Boston Landmark in 1995.</p><br>
<p>Board of Trade Building (1901), 2-22 Broad Street</p><br>
<p>Boston Custom House (1849) and Custom House Tower (1915), McKinley Square</p><br>
<p>Broad Exchange Building (1903), 88 Broad Street</p><br>
<p>Broad Street Association warehouses (c. 1805), 5-9, 63-73, 64-70, 72 & 102 Broad Street; 171-175 Milk Street</p><br>
<p>Central Wharf warehouses (1816), 146-176 Milk Street</p><br>
<p>Chase and Sanborn warehouse (1901), 141-149 Broad Street</p><br>
<p>Cunard Building (1901), 122-130 State Street</p><br>
<p>Employees Liability Building (1904), 33 Broad Street</p><br>
<p>Exchange Club Building (1893), 22 Batterymarch Street</p><br>
<p>Farlow Building (1895), 92 State Street</p><br>
<p>Fidelity Building (1915), 144-148 State Street</p><br>
<p>Flour and Grain Exchange Building, aka Boston Chamber of Commerce (1892), 177 Milk Street</p><br>
<p>India Building (1903), 74-84 State Street</p><br>
<p>Insurance Exchange Building (1923), 24-44 Broad Street</p><br>
<p>King Building (1894), 120-122 Milk Street</p><br>
<p>James Codman Building (1873), 44-48 Kilby Street</p><br>
<p>John Foster Warehouse (c. 1860), 109-133 Broad Street</p><br>
<p>Marshall Building (1910), 15-19 Broad Street</p><br>
<p>Pepperell Building (1921), 160 State Street</p><br>
<p>Rice Drystuffs Company Building (1872), 295 Franklin Street</p><br>
<p>Richards Building, aka Shaw Building (1867), 112-116 State Street</p><br>
<p>State Street Block (1857), 177-199 State Street</p><br>
<p>Telegraph Building (1903), 100-110 State Street</p><br>
<p>William Henderson Boardman Warehouse, aka Howe & French Building (c. 1857), 97-107 Broad Street</p><br>
<h2>Non-contributing properties (partial listing)</h2><br>
<p>75 State Street (1988)</p><br>
<p>Folio Boston, 88 Broad Street (2005)</p><br>
<p>20 Custom House Street (1988)</p><br>
<p>21 Custom House Street (1989)</p><br>
<p>Market Place Center (1985)</p><br>
<p>The Cyclorama Building is an 1884 building at 543-547 Tremont Street in the South End of Boston, Massachusetts that is operated by the Boston Center for the Arts.</p><br>
<h2>History</h2><br>
<p>The Classical Revival style Victorian building was commissioned by Charles F. Willoughby&#39;s Boston Cyclorama Company to house the Cyclorama of the Battle of Gettysburg, a 400-by-50 foot cyclorama painting of the Battle of Gettysburg. It was designed by Charles A. Cummings and Willard T. Sears.</p><br>
<p>The central space is a 127&#39;-diameter steel-trussed dome which, when it was built, was the largest dome in the country after the United States Capitol building. Visitors entered through the crenelated archway, proceeded along a dark winding passage, and then ascended a winding staircase to an elevated viewing platform. Skylights lit the scene by day, and it was illuminated by a system of 25 arc lamps by night.</p><br>
<p>In 1889, a new cyclorama painting Custer&#39;s Last Fight, was installed, but by 1890, the fashion for cycloramas had ended, and the new owner of the building, John Gardner (father-in-law of Isabella Stewart Gardner), converted it to a venue for popular entertainment, including a carousel, roller skating, boxing tournaments (including an 1894 fight of John L. Sullivan), horseback riding, bicycling, and so on.</p><br>
<p>By 1899, it had become an industrial space, used by the New England Electric Vehicle Company, the Tremont Garage, the Buick Automobile Agency, and Albert Champion Company. Albert Champion is said to have invented the spark plug here before he moved to Flint, Michigan.</p><br>
<p>When the Boston Flower Exchange bought the building in 1923, it added a new entrance and covered central dome with a skylight. The Flower Exchange</p><br>
<p>occupied the building until 1970.</p><br>
<h2>Boston Center for the Arts</h2><br>
<p>The Boston Redevelopment Authority designated the Boston Center for the Arts as the developer for the Cyclorama and the surrounding buildings in 1970.</p><br>
<p>The Cyclorama was added to the National Register of Historic Places in 1973.</p><br>
<h2>Bunker Hill Cyclorama</h2><br>
<p>Another, competing cyclorama building was built two blocks from the first, and displayed a cyclorama of The Battle of Bunker Hill.</p><br>
<p>The Dill Building is an historic building at 11-25 Stuart Street in Boston, Massachusetts.</p><br>
<p>The six story brick building was constructed in two phases between 1886 and 1888. Its facade is symmetrical, each half of floors 3-5 organized into window groups separated by brick pilasters. There is a corbelled cornice line between floors 5 and 6, with the window pattern continued on the sixth floor without pilasters. The main roof line is also corbelled, with two stepped parapet sections inscribed with the construction dates. The building was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1980.</p><br>
<p>Previous tenants in the building include the American Red Cross, M & M Realty Trust, Smith Barney and Citibank. In 2012, Hostelling International opened a 468 hostel (HI-Boston) after a complete renovation of the building. After more than a year of construction, the completed building encompasses 55,000 sq ft over 6 floors. The renovation preserves and exposes historical features of the building.</p><br>
<p>HI-Boston is the first LEED certified hostel in the USA, and hosts more than 46,000 guests annually. The hostel replaced the previous HI-Boston on Hemenway Street, which opened in 1986. The new hostel boasts state-of-the art facilities, increased capacity, ADA compliance, and improved energy efficiency. The $42M project was funded through a combination of Federal New Market and Historic Tax credits, private financing, owner equity including the sale of the previous facility, and other private support.</p><br>
<p>The Dillaway School is an historic school at 16-20 Kenilworth Street in Boston, Massachusetts. The school was built in 1882 to a design by George Albert Clough, the city&#39;s first official architect, and is his only surviving school design in the city. The building was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1980, The building has been converted to residential use.</p><br>
<h2>Description and history</h2><br>
<p>The Dillaway School is located in Boston&#39;s Roxbury neighborhood, a short way west of Dudley Square on the south side of Kenilworth Street near its junction with Dudley Street. It is a three-story masonry structure, built out of brick with stone trim. It is seventeen bays wide, with the outer four bays on each end projecting slightly and covered by a tall hip roof. The central bays are two full stories, with a third in a mansard roof. The entrance is in the center bay, recessed under an elaborate stone arch, above which is a complex multipart round-arch window assembly. Horizontal stone courses run at the sill and lintel levels of the windows on the first two floors, with the second-floor windows topped by blind round stone arches.</p><br>
<p>This school was built in 1882 to a design by George Clough, who was the first Boston city architect. He entered this role in 1875, by which time the city had grown by annexation nearly to its present size. Clough designed many public buildings for the city as a result of this growth and his position. Twenty-five of them were school buildings; this one is one of only two to survive.</p><br>
<p>The Carnegie Library Building is an historic building in Athens, Georgia. It was one of many such libraries donated by Andrew Carnegie which were named Carnegie Library after him. Funds were donated on March 5, 1905, and construction was completed in 1910 on the site of the state Normal School. On November 11, 1975, it was added to the USA National Register of Historic Places.</p><br>
<p>It was used as a Navy Supply Corps Museum when the campus was the base of the Naval Supply Corps School.</p><br>
<p>The University of Georgia has renovated the building, which now houses a part of the university libraries. It has been given the name, Carnegie Library Learning Center.</p><br>
<h2>Services</h2><br>
<p>The Carnegie Library primarily serves as an electronic library. Wi-fi access is available to students and faculty with a UGA login. The library provides computer workstations as well as printer and scanner access. It also provides “Bulldog Bikes” for students to check out for traveling around campus.</p><br>
<p>The Carnegie Library does not have its own print collection. However, students and faculty are allowed to drop off and pick up books and periodicals from the library’s location.</p><br>
<h2>Hours of operation</h2><br>
<p>The Carnegie Library Learning Center is open during the regular academic year on Mondays through Thursdays from 9am to 10 pm and Sundays from 2 pm to 10 pm, and is closed on Fridays and holidays. Summer semester hours are Mondays through Fridays from 9am to 6pm.</p><br>
<p>The Dimock Community Health Center Complex is a historic medical complex at 41 and 55 Dimock Street in Boston, Massachusetts.</p><br>
<p>The center&#39;s Zakrzewska Building was built in the Stick style of architecture in 1872, designed by Charles Amos Cummings and Willard T. Sears as the New England Hospital for Women and Children. This facility was the first in New England and the second in the United States to be run by female doctors. Contemporary renovations were completed by James A. Fox and it was added to the National Register of Historic Places in 1985. In 1991 the complex was declared a National Historic Landmark (as "New England Hospital for Women and Children&quot the National Register listing is for "Dimock Community Health Center Complex").</p><br>
<p>The Dimock Center is affiliated with Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center. It focuses on three core program areas: Healthcare, Behavioral Health Services and Youth & Family Services. From the Center’s historic nine-acre campus located in the Egleston Square section of Roxbury, MA, and several satellite locations, The Dimock Center provides access to high-quality healthcare and human services that include: Adult & Pediatric Primary Care, Women’s Healthcare, Eye and Dental Care, HIV/AIDS Specialty Care, Outpatient Mental Health services, Residential Programs, The Mary Eliza Mahoney House shelter for families, pre-school, Head Start programs, after-school programs and Adult Basic Education & Workforce Training programs. The Dimock Center has been recognized nationally as a model for the delivery of integrated care in an urban community.</p><br>
<p>Dorchester Park is a historic park bounded by Dorchester Avenue, Richmond, Adams and Richview Streets in the Dorchester neighborhood of Boston, Massachusetts.</p><br>
<p>The park was designed by Olmsted, Olmsted & Eliot, and constructed in 1891, as part of Boston&#39;s Emerald Necklace of parks first conceived by the elder Frederick Law Olmsted. It has many naturalistic features, including large areas of woodland. Its main access points are along Dorchester Avenue and Adams Street. The park includes a playground, tennis courts, and a Little League baseball diamond. The wall that lines the park along Adams Street has a historic mile marker, dated 1734, embedded in it.</p><br>
<p>The park was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 2008.</p><br>
<p>Dorchester Pottery Works is a historic site at 101-105 Victory Road in Dorchester, Massachusetts, a neighborhood of Boston. The Dorchester Pottery Works was founded in 1895 by George Henderson and made stoneware. The Dorchester Pottery Works closed in 1979. The building was designated as a Boston Landmark in 1983 and added to the National Register of Historic Places in 1985.</p><br>
<h2>Description</h2><br>
<p>The Dorchester Pottery Works is located in the Dorchester neighborhood of Boston and abuts a sizable shopping center to one side and railroad tracks to the other. The residential neighborhood across the street is largely of frame, later Victorian, single family structures. The Dorchester Pottery Works is now represented by its sole surviving structure, a brick industrial building housing the company&#39;s monumental kiln. This kiln building has been vacant for several years and had been boarded up until its recent rehabilitation. The Works formerly included a frame industrial building that was attached to the kiln building, and the Henderson House, which was used as a residence and showroom by the proprietors of the business. Recently, both of these buildings were destroyed.</p><br>
<p>The Dorchester Pottery Works kiln house is a two-story plus clerestory, five-by-five bay, flat roofed, red brick, industrial building with a red brick chimney approximately 60-feet in height angled into its east wa11. The building is squarish in plan, measures approximately 45 feet by 49 feet, and is about 25 feet high from grade level to roof parapet. Located near the center of a deep and irregularly shaped parcel including 21,730 square feet, the kiln house was formerly attached to the rear of, the now demolished two-story frame, clapboard, industrial building which was approximately 42 feet wide by 69 feet deep and which extended up to the Victory Road street line.</p><br>
<p>Characterizing the exterior of the kiln building are its segmentally arched windows (the long first floor windows had been fitted with nine-over-nine sash which have been reconstructed after the earlier ones were totally vandalized), broad rectangular ground level entrances on the south and west sides, and concrete lintels and sills. Ornamentation is sparse and limited to the handling of the chimney with contrasting courses of yellow brick and the use of a plain brickwork cornice. Low parapet walls define the roof line on the north and south sides, and a brick roof extension on the north side allowed for the operation of an industrial pulley lift.</p><br>
<p>The interior of the building is basically an open two-story space extended by a central three-by-four bay clerestory. The second floor functions primarily as a balcony level formed by an opening that is approximately 25 1/2 feet in diameter and edged with curved bolted steel. Steel columns located towards the corners of the building carry the load of the flattened arched tile roof vaults of the second floor and clerestory. The height of the interior measures approximately 14 feet from grade to the second floor and approximately 28 1/2 feet from grade to the roof of the clerestory...</p><br>
<p>Dominating the interior of the building is Dorchester Potterys circular plan, low-domed, beehive type kiln-which occupies much of the square footage of the ground level. The kiln measures, in its dimensions, approximately 30 feet in diameter and about 12 feet in height from grade to the top of the dome. At grade, the kilns walls are approximately 4 feet thick and include an encasing wall about 4 feet and 9 inches in height. This outer wall houses nine firing holes and the arched entry to the kiln&#39;s interior. The exterior walls of the kiln are girded with horizontal and vertical iron bands to allow for the proper structural expansion and contraction of the kiln during firing and cooling.</p><br>
<p>Inside, the kiln measures approximately 22 feet in diameter. The interior space is about 10 1/2 feet high under the center of the dome, marked by the location of a small air hole, and about 6 1/2 feet high near the kiln&#39;s sides.</p><br>
<p>Brick shelving lines the inner walls of the kiln which are covered with a shiny surface formed over the years, through the escaping of vaporized glazes during firing. A grid of heat resistant tiles on the kiln&#39;s floor permits the conduction of heat, fire, and gases through an underground flu to the chimney which protrudes out of a corner of the building.</p><br>
<p>Also included on the site of the Dorchester Pottery Works, on a small parcel of 4,303 square feet, was the Henderson House, the residence of the company&#39;s founder and second generation owner/operators. Unfortunately, on April 12, 1980, this Queen Anne Style, clapboard, two-story plus attic, front facing gable roofed house was destroyed by fire.</p><br>
<h2>History</h2><br>
<p>Founded in 1895 by George Henderson, Dorchester Pottery Works successfully produced commercial and industrial stoneware for many years. Henderson came from New Haven, Connecticut, where he had been a partner in the S.L. Pewtress Pottery since 1884 in the production of Henderson and O&#39;Halloran wares.</p><br>
<p>Dorchester Potterys wares evolved over the years from primarily agricultural products to decorated tablewares. Mash feeders and chicken fountains were cast from molds for the farmer. Acid pots and dipping baskets were in demand by jewelry manufacturers, and Hendersons popular foot warmer was known as a "porcelain pig." In 1940, Dorchester Potterys line of distinctive gray and blue tableware was introduced. It was shaped on the potters wheel. It is called slipware with a so-called Bristol glaze.</p><br>
<p>In 1914, Mr. Henderson built an enormous beehive kiln 28-feet in diameter of his own design made of unmortared bricks. When it was carefully stacked with two or three freight car loads of unfired pottery, the opening was sealed and the kiln was slowly heated with 15 tons of coal and four cords of wood to a temperature of 2500- 3000 degrees Fahrenheit. After days of cooling, the door would be opened, brick by brick, and the fired pieces removed. The entire process took about one week to complete.</p><br>
<p>In the 1920s, Henderson purchased finished pottery from other companies, such as containers by Joseph Middleby, Jr., jugs by H.A. Johnson, and household items including bean pots and</p><br>
<p>casserole dishes from other suppliers. At its peak in the 1920s the Dorchester Pottery Works employed 28 potters. By the 1950s when the Pottery turned out 1,700 distinct items twenty-five percent was tableware, and by the 1960s tableware was one hundred percent of the production.</p><br>
<p>Twenty three people were employed by the pottery works in 1921, mainly from Dorchester. When Henderson died in 1928, his son, Charles, and daughter-in-law, Ethel Hill Henderson, took over the business. George died in 1967, and Ethel continued until her death in 1971 with the help of her brother, Charles Allen Hill, and her sister, Lilly Yeaton. Ethel had been a clothing and design teacher at Dorchester High School. She became superintendent of the kiln, and her two children, George and Lillian, assisted in the family business. But the Great Depression took its toll, and the sales of commercial stoneware suffered. Ethel began to decorate the stoneware with motifs of old New England, and her brother, Charles, added new mixing color techniques from his experience in an earlier career as a chemistry teacher. Decorators whose names may be found on the pottery include Charles Hill, Nando Ricci, Joseph McCune, Phil Spear, Ronald Brakee, Robert Trotter, Jackie Burn Callder, Rhoda Ricci and Knessseth Denison. Ethel died in 1971, and some pieces after that date are signed I.M.E.H.H. (In Memorial Ethel Hill Henderson).</p><br>
<p>Although the handcrafted pots continued to attract attention, they could not compete in the commercial market. The last firing of the big beehive kiln took place in 1965, and after that smaller gas and later electric kilns were used until the pottery works closed in 1979. Yet the diversified production of the Dorchester Pottery Works and the fact that it was a family-run operation helped it to stay open longer than other commercial New England potteries such as Bennington, Dedham and Hampshire. Some of its products were: storage jars from 5 to 75 gallons, beanpots both for restaurant and home use, cheese jars, foot-warmers, plates, platters, pitchers, pots, planters, bowls, casseroles, cuspidors, vases, flower baskets, bird baths, Toby jugs, cookie jars, steins, mugs, demitasse cups and saucers as well as special-order custom designs.</p><br>
<p>Some of the common designs of the Pottery included: blueberry, cherry, pear, plum, clematis, cow, codfish, colonial lace, lily of the valley, pine cone, pussy willow, ships, stripes, scrolls, sperm whale, and sponge patterns. These designs were painted with the blue and white slip, and sometimes shallow scraffito work was added. Special orders sometimes used Bayberry green or Morocco gold slip. All these pieces received a clear seal coat of the Bristol glaze. Most of the Pottery&#39;s pieces bore some kind of identification, either a paper label or a stamp in the slip.</p><br>
<p>Fire destroyed the family residence and main production building in 1980. What remained of the pottery works was for nearly twenty years a single boarded up building with a tall smoke stack at the intersection of Mill Street and Victory Road. Soon after the Pottery Works closed, members of the Clam Point Neighborhood Association organized to buy and preserve the kiln building and to create a Dorchester Pottery Museum at the original site. When that endeavor ended without success, the organization&#39;s records were presented to the University of Massachusetts, and the Dorchester Pottery exhibit was given to the care and maintenance of the Dorchester Historical Society. In 2001 Bay Cove Human Services acquired the property and renovated the building for its own use, keeping the kiln room and the kiln itself intact for community exhibitions.</p><br>
<p>The Dorchester-Milton Lower Mills Industrial District is an historic district on both sides of the Neponset River in the Dorchester area of Boston and in the town of Milton, Massachusetts. It encompasses an industrial factory complex, most of which was historically associated with the Walter Baker & Company, the first major maker of chocolate products in the United States. The industrial buildings of the district  were built between about 1868 and 1947, and were listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1980, with a slight enlargement in 2001.</p><br>
<h2>Description and history</h2><br>
<p>Lower Mills Village is located on either side of the Neponset River, which demarcates the southern boundary of Boston and the northern boundary of Milton. The river is crossed by Adams Street, which roughly bisects the district. The district is bounded on the south by the MBTA rail right-of-way in Milton and River, Washington, and Adams Streets in Dorchester.</p><br>
<p>The district includes sixteen industrial buildings, all but one of which were directly associated with Water Baker & Company. Most of the buildings are built out of brick, with numerous additions and ells. They are stylistically diverse, having been built between 1868 and 1947, reflecting styles from the Second Empire to the Queen Anne, Romanesque Revival, and utilitarian modern.</p><br>
<p>Chocolate-making in the immediate area has a history dating to the mid-18th century, when Dr. James Baker and John Hannan established the business in 1765. The company they founded grew to national prominence in the first half of the 19th century under Walter Baker, James Baker&#39;s grandson, but a major portion of the present complex was built beginning in 1868 under the leadership of Henry Pierce, and continuing under his successor, H. Clifford Gallagher. In 1926 the company was acquired by General Foods, which continued to manufacture chocolate under the Baker name on these premises until 1965, when it consolidated operations at a plant in upstate New York.</p><br>
<p>The Frederick Douglass Square Historic District is a historic district roughly bounded by Hammond Street, Cabot Street, Windsor Street, and Westminster Street, in the Lower Roxbury area of Boston, Massachusetts. It covers a 5 acre that is a remarkably well-preserved and cohesive residential development created as the result of one of Boston&#39;s many land-reclamation projects in the 19th century. This area, originally salt marshes that flooded at high tide, was at first gradually filled in as the Boston Neck was widened with the construction of Tremont Street and railroad lines. The Tremont Improvement Company acquired a remnant portion of the salt marshes by the early 1860s, and built a series of single-family row houses on the land that resulted from filling it in. The district includes most of the residential properties on Warwick, Greenwich, and Sussex Streets, as well as clusters of properties on adjacent streets.</p><br>
<p>The district was added to the National Register of Historic Places in 1996 and is a pending Boston Landmark. It is named for its proximity to the Frederick Douglass Peace Garden, located just west of the district.</p><br>
<p>The Eagle Hill Historic District is a residential historic district roughly bounded by Meridian, Lexington, and White Streets meeting in Prescott Square in the East Boston neighborhood of Boston, Massachusetts. This part of East Boston was developed roughly between 1834 and 1900, and includes a remarkable concentration of original housing stock. The neighborhood is dense, with a mix of single-family and multiple-family  wood frame housing. The preponderance of these buildings are Italianate, Second Empire or Renaissance Revival in style, with earlier Greek Revival and later Colonial Revival and Queen Anne styling present in smaller numbers. Some of the most prominent properties in the district are: the Donald McKay House , Trinity Neighborhood House , the Paul Curtis Mansion , and the William Waters Jr. House . Another noteworthy property in the district is the East Boston High School located at the top of the hill, built on a site formerly used as a reservoir.</p><br>
<p>The district was added to the National Register of Historic Places in 1998.</p><br>
<p>The Fenway-Boylston Street District is a historic district encompassing a series of predominantly residential buildings lining The Fenway in the Fenway–Kenmore of Boston, Massachusetts. Developed beginning in the 1890s, the area is emblematic of Bostons upper-class residential development of the period, with architect-designed houses built for some of the citys leading families. The district was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1984.</p><br>
<h2>Description and history</h2><br>
<p>The Fenway-Boylston Street District is located on the east side of Boston&#39;s Back Bay Fens, a public park designed by Frederick Law Olmsted. The Fens are flanked here by The Fenway, a parkway built in the 1880s when the park was laid out. The east side of the parkway is lined with buildings historically built as residences, set between the parkway and Hemenway Street, which was built in 1878 on top of an embankment that had isolated the Muddy River flats earlier in the 19th century. The houses were built between 1890 and about 1910, and are built of brick and stone. Stylistically they range from the elaborate Queen Anne and Beaux Arts styles to the more restrained Classical Revival. Although the area had been intended as a residential area, it attracted institutions as well, and many of the buildings are today occupied by students at area educational institutions. Anchoring the southern end of the district is the building of the Massachusetts Historical Society, a National Historic Landmark, at the junction of The Fenway and Boylston Street.</p><br>
<p>Just east of the Massachusetts Historic Society is the former Chambers Hotel, a Beaux Arts building designed by Arthur H. Bowditch and completed in 1901. Another institutional building is that built for the Boston Medical Library at 18 The Fenmway. It is next door to the townhouse of Robert Swain Peabody, one of the principals of Boston&#39;s leading architectural firm, Peabody & Stearns. It and two adjacent townhouses are Peabody designs, while there are also works of Alexander Wadsworth Longfellow Jr. and other leading Boston architects on the block. The historic district also includes the Johnson Memorial Gate, located where Westland Avenue enters the park. The gate was designed by Guy Lowell, whose nearby works (outside the district) including Boston Museum of Fine Arts.</p><br>
<p>The Fields Corner Municipal Building is a historic municipal building at 1 Arcadia Street and 195 Adams Street in the Dorchester neighborhood of Boston, Massachusetts. Built in 1875, it is a prominent local example of Victorian Gothic architecture, probably designed by the city&#39;s first official architect, George A. Clough. The building originally housed a police station and library; it has been adaptively reused for professional and commercial purposes. The building was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1981.</p><br>
<h2>Description and history</h2><br>
<p>The former Fields Corner Municipal Building stands near the commercial center of Fields Corner. Its setting at the northwest corner of Adams and Arcadia Streets is just north of the angled intersection of Adams Street with Dorchester Avenue, the area&#39;s principal junction. The building is 2-1/2 stories in height, built out of red brick with limestone trim. It has an H-shaped layout and High Victorian Gothic styling. The front-facing end gables are parapeted, and there are three similarly styled gable dormers in the central section. Ground-floor windows are set in pointed openings with shouldered stone headers, while those on the second floor are set in rectangular openings.</p><br>
<p>The building was designed by George A. Clough and built sometime between 1874 and 1885. It was intended as a replacement for a police station located on Hancock Street, and the new police station occupied one wing, with jail cells in the basement. The other wing was first used to establish the city&#39;s first branch library. Later use by the city included a district court.</p><br>
<p>Fort Point Channel Historic District is a historic district located along Congress, Summer and A streets in South Boston, Massachusetts on the south side of Fort Point Channel.</p><br>
<p>The district includes the Boston Children&#39;s Museum (pictured, right), located in a renovated 19th-century brick industrial building, and the Boston Fire Museum, housed in the 1891 Congress Street Fire Station.</p><br>
<h2>History</h2><br>
<p>Consisting of about 55 acre of land across the Fort Point Channel from Boston&#39;s Financial District, the area was developed by the Boston Wharf Company from 1836 to 1882, mainly for warehousing and manufacturing. The Boston Wharf Company parceled out all of the lots and laid out all of the streets from scratch, naming the streets after officers in the company and principal tenants in the buildings: Binford, Farnsworth, Melcher, Midway, Sleeper and Stillings streets, Necco Court, Thomson Place.</p><br>
<p>The Boston Wharf Company constructed most of the buildings for the manufacture and storage of a wide variety of goods, beginning with sugar and molasses and branching out into the wool trade by the end of the 19th century.</p><br>
<p>Concurrently, the company enlarged its operations to become a chief developer of warehouse and industrial facilities for local railroads and shipping companies. This district made Boston the main production and marketing center for wool for clothing and fabrics during the late 19th and early 20th centuries.</p><br>
<p>After the wool trade declined, the districts buildings were abandoned. Artists gradually moved into the large, well-lit warehouse loft spaces, thus creating New Englands largest enclave of artists, the Fort Point Arts Community.</p><br>
<h2>Architecture</h2><br>
<p>The Fort Point Channel district mainly consists of a visually uniform collection of side-by-side loft buildings constructed between the 1880s and 1920s by the Boston Wharf Company, most bearing the company&#39;s trademark logo as a circular copper crest relief attached to each building.</p><br>
<p>According to the Boston Landmarks Commission, these buildings represent "an unusually coherent and well-preserved collection of late 19th and early 20th century lofts that reflect a critical period of social, economic, and physical development in the City and the region. The loft buildings are generally masonry, with simple volumes and flat roofs. Buildings are elegantly proportioned, with classically inspired details concentrated at entrances and cornices."</p><br>
<h2>Landmark designation</h2><br>
<p>The Fort Point Channel Historic District was added to the National Register of Historic Places in 2004.</p><br>
<p>In 2001, the Fort Point District was petitioned as a Landmark District with the Boston Landmarks Commission. In 2007, a Mayoral-appointed Study Committee began drafting District guidelines. In December 2008, Mayor Menino and the Boston Landmarks Commission voted in favor of the guidelines which were officially approved on January 28, 2009 by the Boston City Council.</p><br>
<p>The William Lloyd Garrison School is a historic school building at 20 Hutchings Street in Boston, Massachusetts. Built in stages between 1910 and 1929 and named for abolitionist William Lloyd Garrison, it is a high-quality example of period school architecture, noted at the time for its state-of-the-art features. It was added to the National Register of Historic Places in 1980, and has since been converted into residences.</p><br>
<h2>Description and history</h2><br>
<p>The former William Lloyd Garrison School is located in Boston&#39;s Roxbury neighborhood, north of Franklin Park between Hutchings and Brookfield Streets west of Elm Hill Avenue. It is a 2-1/2 story brick structure set on a raised basement, consisting of several different sections organized around a central courtyard and joined by passageways. Its elements are basically Colonial Revival in style, unified in part by the fact the three of its four building phases were designed by the same firm, Newhall & Blevins of Boston. The street-facing elements include basement-level windows on the original (eastern) block, and banks of classroom windows on the later western block.</p><br>
<p>The school was built, and then repeatedly enlarged, to meet the demands of Boston&#39;s rapidly growing population. Its first section was built in 1910, and was featured in a book on grade schools published in 1914. In 1918 that block was extended to the south, and in 1922 the assembly hall was added, set at an angle to the main block on the Brookledge Street side of the property. The final enlargement was in 1929, adding the western wing which forms the north side of the courtyard.</p><br>
<p>The Edward Everett Hale House is a historic house at 12 Morley Street in Boston, Massachusetts. Built about 1841, it is a prominent local example of Greek Revival, most notable as the home of author and minister Edward Everett Hale for forty years. It was added to the National Register of Historic Places in 1979 and designated a Boston Landmark by the Boston Landmarks Commission in 1996.</p><br>
<h2>Description and history</h2><br>
<p>The Edward Everett Hale House stands on the north side of the Roxbury Highlands, on the west side of Morley Street, a dead-end residential street a short way south of John Eliot Square. It is a 2-1/2 story wood frame structure, with a side gable roof and a mostly clapboarded exterior. The front facade is five bays wide, with a four-column Ionic portico projecting in front of the center three bays. The columns rise to an entablature with a low-pitch triangular pediment. The entablature is continued around the sides of the building. The facade behind the portico is finished in flushboard, and the windows there have eared corner mouldings. The main entrance, at the center of the facade, is framed by sidelight and transom windows, with a corniced architrave above.</p><br>
<p>The house was built about 1841 by Benjamin Kent, a local carpenter. It was originally located at 39 Highland Street, just around the corner from its present location, and is one of Boston&#39;s finer examples of high-style Greek Revival architecture. It was moved here sometime between 1899 and 1906 by Edward Everett Hale. Hale, a prominent writer and minister, made this his home from 1869 until his death in 1909.</p><br>
<p>Allandale Farm, also known as the John Harris House and Farm, and once as Faulkner Farm, is an historic farm at 284 Newton Street in Brookline and Boston, Massachusetts. The main farm house, built c. 1778 and extensively remodeled in 1976, is one of Brookline&#39;s few 18th-century houses. The farm is the last working farm in both communities; it was added to the National Register of Historic Places in 1985.</p><br>
<h2>Description and history</h2><br>
<p>Allandale Farm is located astride the border between eastern Brookline and the Jamaica Plain neighborhood on Boston&#39;s west side. It covers about 105 acre, bounded on the west by Newton Street and the south and east by Allandale Road. It is bounded on the north by the Brandegee Estate, of which it was once a part. The farmstand that serves the public is located on Allandale Road, along with a cluster of greenhouses.</p><br>
<p>The interior of the farm property is accessed from the Brandegee Estates main drive off Newton Street, and includes a cluster farm outbuildings, dating to the late 19th century, that have been converted to other uses. The original farmhouse is set in a grove of trees, well back from the road. It was built about 1778 by John Harris, whose family owned land in the area since at least 1655. The house was extensively renovated in 1976, but elements of its 18th-century origins are still discernible. The farmhouse was used by the estate caretaker when the property was part of the Brandegee Estate. The farm is the last working farm in both communities, a reminder of the areas agrarian origins.</p><br>
<p>The Harvard Avenue Historic District is a historic district roughly bounded by Linden Street, Commonwealth Avenue, Harvard Avenue, and Park Vale Avenue in the Allston neighborhood of Boston, Massachusetts. Its spine is Harvard Avenue, a major north-south thoroughfare connecting Allston to points north , and south toward Brookline. The area underwent a population explosion in the early 20th century, and Harvard Avenue was developed roughly between 1905 and 1925 as a commercial and residential spine. Notable buildings in the district include the Allston Station building, designed by Shepley, Rutan and Coolidge, and the Harvard Avenue Fire Station.</p><br>
<p>The district was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 2000.</p><br>
<p>Lutvann is a lake in the recreational area Østmarka in Oslo, Norway. It covers an area of 0.39 km², at 205 m elevation.</p><br>
<p>Located just outside the capital city, it is a popular site for recreation, including swimming and fishing during summer, with brook trout in the lake. In the winter there are ski trails along and on the lake. The lake is also used by the Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints for baptism. In 2001 activists from the Youth of the Progress Party were charged for cutting down a tree in the preserved area in order to protest the fact that building in the area is prohibited.</p><br>
<h2>Romeriksporten</h2><br>
<p>As part of the construction of the Romerike Railway Tunnel during 1994–1999, there was a leak in the tunnel that caused up to 1,000 litres per minute to leak into the tunnel from lake above. Though the leakages had started in 1995, it was not until after they were discovered on February 3, 1997 sanctions were initiated by the Norwegian Water Resources and Energy Directorate requiring leakage removals in the tunnel.</p><br>
<p>To solve the problem, the chemical Rhoca-Gil was used to try to remove the leaks, but due to inappropriate techniques used during the utilization, the compound did not correctly polymerize, and instead started polluting the area in and around Lutvann with acrylamide and methylolacrylamide. At the same time, since the compound did not settle it did not either tighten the cracks in the bedrock, and so the leakages did not stop. It took more than one year to fix the leaks, costing about NOK 500 million. To not completely drain the lake for water about 200 litres per minute of water was pumped into Lutvann from other lakes. Lutvann was not as seriously affected by the drainage of Nordre Puttjern. During the entire process lasting about a year the two lakes leaked about two million litres of water through the tunnel.</p><br>
<p>The Middle Rocks  are two uninhabited small rocks separated by 250 metres of open water located at the eastern opening of the Straits of Singapore on the western edge of the South China Sea. The ICJ rendered its decision on 23 May 2008. It held by 12 votes to four that sovereignty over Pedra Branca belongs to Singapore. It further held, by 15 votes to one, that sovereignty over Middle Rocks belongs to Malaysia, and sovereignty over South Ledge belongs to the state in the territorial waters of which it is located.</p><br>
<h2>Geography</h2><br>
<p>The Middle Rocks are 8.0 nmi to the southeast of the Malaysian state of Johor and just 0.6 nmi south of Pedra Branca, and stand between 0.6 m and 1.0 m above sea level.</p><br>
<h2>Ownership dispute</h2><br>
<p>Together with Pedra Branca and another rock formation within the vicinity known as South Ledge, Middle Rocks were the subject of a territorial dispute between Malaysia and Singapore. For Middle Rocks and South Ledge, the dispute arose when Singapore claimed both islets in 1993. The matter was settled by the International Court of Justice in 2007, which ruled that Middle Rocks belonged to Malaysia and Pedra Branca to Singapore. The status of South Ledge remains unresolved.</p><br>
<p>Following the decision, Singapore and Malaysia said they would hold discussions to establish the maritime border around the area. Both countries established the Malaysia-Singapore Joint Technical Committee (MSJTC) to implement the court&#39;s judgement. According to Malaysia, the MSJTC reached an impasse in November 2013. Malaysia clarified that one of the key reasons is that "the parties have been unable to agree over the meaning of the 2008 judgement as it concerns South Ledge and the waters surrounding Pedra Branca.</p><br>
<p>Malaysia sent a team from its Mapping and Survey Department which constructed a flag pole, five markers and a monument between 4 and 12 June 2008. The Malaysian flag was raised and the team sang the Malaysian national anthem, Negaraku, during a ceremony which was covered by the press on 13 and 14 June 2008.</p><br>
<h3>Establishment of Abu Bakar Maritime Base</h3><br>
<p>On 5 August 2017, Janes Defence Weekly reported that Malaysia had established a new maritime installation, the Abu Bakar Maritime Base, on Middle Rocks, which consists of two clusters of rocks located 1 kilometre south of Pedra Branca (which was awarded to Singapore in the aftermath of the 2008 ICJ ruling) that Malaysias currently challenging.</p><br>
<p>The base, built across the eastern opening of the Strait of Singapore, comprises a 316 metre jetty, a helipad, and a lighthouse. According to the Sultan of Johor, the installation, which is a project under the auspices of the National Security Council, "is aimed at safeguarding Malaysias sovereign territory and waters, and for conducting marine scientific research". The base also seeks to reaffirm "Malaysias absolute sovereignty over the Middle Rocks".</p><br>
<p>On 11 August, Malaysia deployed a missile-capable fast-attack craft Perdana to its new Maritime Base on the Middle Rocks. Royal Malaysian Navy chief Admiral Ahmad Kamarulzaman Ahmad Badaruddin confirmed the deployment when he posted photographs of Perdanas arrival at the base. Photos posted by the Navy chief showed two armed guards on an observation deck, as well as a communications system fitted with surveillance equipment, IHS Janes Defence Weekly pointed out in a report.</p><br>
<p>Nanda Ghunti is a 6,309 m mountain in Garhwal, India. It lies on the outer rim of the Nanda Devi Sanctuary.</p><br>
<p>The mountain was first surveyed by T. G. Longstaff in 1907. Eric Shipton surveyed it from the west in 1931. The first serious attempt to reach the summit was made by B. R. Goodfellow and J. Buzzard (UK) in 1944. Finally, a Swiss team under André Roch made the first ascent in 1947 via the east ridge.</p><br>
<p>The first Indian ascent was made in 1960. This expedition was organized by the Himalayan Institute (later named the Himalayan Association) of Kolkata under the leadership of Sukumar Roy and patronised by Ashok Sarkar of the Anandabazar Patrika. The approach was made via the east ridge, and the summit was reached on 22 October 1960. Summiters were Sukumar Roy and Nima Tashi. Other team members included Dilip Banerjee, Nimai Bose, Dhruba Majumder, Bishwadeb Biswas,sport journalist Gour Kishore Ghosh and Pemba Norbu.</p><br>
<p>Subsequent successful expeditions were conducted in 1977 and 1980.</p><br>
<p>Travellers get a clear view of Nanda Ghunti and Trishul en route to Roopkund in the Himalayas.</p><br>
<p>The George W. Loomer House is a private residence located at 71 West Hancock Street in Midtown Detroit, Michigan. It was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1994.</p><br>
<h2>History</h2><br>
<p>This Richardsonian Romanesque structure was designed by architect Almon C. Varney in 1888 for George W. Loomer, a lumber dealer. The building originally had an insured value of $4,300, a sizeable sum in 1888. In 1891, retired steamboat captain Mulford T. Hunter purchased the house from Loomer, and also acquired what was then an empty lot next door. In 1893, commissioned the construction of a house on the empty lot (now the Mulford T. Hunter House) and moved in the next year. He afterward rented out the Loomer house. The ownership of both the Hunter House and the Loomer House passed from Huner to his daughter, and then to his granddaughter Carolyn S. McGraw. In 1951, both houses were sold to Phila J. Draper and transformed into multi-unit apartment buildings.</p><br>
<p>As of 2009, the houses were owned by a man named Mr. Akbar. The units are mostly rented out to Wayne State University students and faculty. Apartment #3 at 71 W Hancock contains the casket window.</p><br>
<h2>Architecture</h2><br>
<p>The exterior of this home features a two-story turret with a conical roof and an arched porch. THe remainder of the house is constructed from masonry, much of it intricately laid. The porch supports an open balcony above, with a window overlooking the porch has an exaggerated rounded surround, and above that a gabled roof dormer. Belt courses beneath each line of the tower windows are constructed of stone, as are steps and the lintel above the central window in the first floor of the tower. Three windows are located on the basement, first, and second floor levels of the tower. Six small square windows are located on the third floor.</p><br>
<p>On the interior, the trim is all in golden oak. Much of the interior was removed upon conversion into apartments, but the main staircase remains intact.</p><br>
<p>The home is directly adjacent to the Mulford T. Hunter House; the two are the only remaining buildings from the 19th century in what was at the time one of Detroit&#39;s most fashionable areas.</p><br>
<p>The Mulford T. Hunter House is a private residence located at 77 West Hancock Street in Midtown Detroit, Michigan. It was listed on the National Register of Historic Places on July 22, 1994.</p><br>
<h2>History</h2><br>
<p>Mulford Hunter was a captain of Great Lakes steamships, earning enough to become wealthy. In 1891, he purchased George W. Loomer House, and also acquired what was then an empty lot next door, where this house now stands. According to the May 27, 1894 edition of the Detroit Free Press, he commissioned the firm of Donaldson & Meier to design this house, and moved in that year. Hunter lived there with his daughter, his son-in-law and his grandchild, and afterward rented out the Loomer house. The ownership of both the Hunter House and the Loomer House passed from Hunter to his daughter, and then to his granddaughter Carolyn S. McGraw. In 1951, both houses were sold to Phila J. Draper and transformed into multi-unit apartment buildings. The owner in the 1990s was Edward Black.</p><br>
<h2>Architecture</h2><br>
<p>This structure is a Queen Anne townhouse, one of the few remaining examples in the city of Detroit. The basement is built from large stones, elevating the red brick structure well off the ground. The porch features Ionic columns atop raised pedestals, and the front door has an elliptical fanlight framed by a Syrian arch.</p><br>
